| Description |
The purpose of this book is to tell an illustrated history of French football refereeing and to study the process of professionalization of elite referees from 1919 to the present day. While taking into account the French context and the social space of football, this professionalization is considered through the structuring of refereeing bodies, the careers and practices of the men and women in black of the elite. From 1919 to 1970, French refereeing was characterized by its complete amateurism, with the beginnings of changes in the careers and practices of elite referees. The 1970s marked a proactive policy by the authorities, resulting in a structuring and standardization of French refereeing. From 1980 to 1995, French referees appeared in the antechamber of semi-professionalism, notably under the influence of FIFA directives. Finally, from 1995 to the present day, in a context where refereeing errors have increasingly had economic and media consequences, French referees have become professionals by statute. The study of the refereeing of four French Cup finals allows us to analyze this professionalization through the time of the football match.
24 x 16 cms, softback, 378 pages.
2025
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